Classification of mountains on the basis of Location, Origin, Formation
Mountains are landforms that rise above the Earth's surface, characterized by slopes, steep sides, and a pointed top called a peak. They are formed due to tectonic forces, volcanic activity, or erosion. Mountains play a vital role in influencing climate, storing freshwater, and supporting biodiversity." William Morris Davis defines mountains as elevated land masses formed by endogenic forces, undergoing a cycle of youth, maturity, and old age through erosion. Types of Mountains Based on the Period of Origin Earth has experienced a total of nine major orogenic movements (mountain-building phases) throughout its geological history. Some of these orogenies occurred in the Precambrian era , dating back 3,500 to 600 million years ago , and are among the oldest known. The three most recent and geologically significant orogenies are: Caledonian Orogeny (around 400 million years ago) Hercynian Orogeny (around 300 million years ago) Alpine Orogeny (began around 65 mi...