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Showing posts with the label National Emergency

Cell – The Basic Unit of Life | Functions, Organelles & MCQs

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🧬Cell – The Basic Unit of Life A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life . It is the building block of all living organisms, carrying out essential processes like growth, energy production, and reproduction. For competitive exams like NEET , UPSC, SSC, and State PSCs, understanding the structure and functions of the cell is important because it forms the foundation of biology. Questions are frequently asked on cell theory , organelles , plant vs. animal cells, and cell division , making this topic a high-scoring and must-prepare section . 🕵🏻‍♂️Discovery of Cell The discovery of the cell was a turning point in biology, and many scientists contributed step by step to our understanding. In 1665, Robert Hooke observed thin slices of cork under a simple microscope and saw small box-like structures. He called them “cells” because they looked like the tiny rooms (cells) in a monastery. In 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek developed a better microscope and was ...
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Emergency Provisions in Indian Constitution

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In a federal government system like India's, power and responsibilities are shared between the central government and the state governments. Under normal conditions, both work in their own areas, cooperate with each other, and function independently. But during emergencies or unexpected situations, the Constitution allows the central government to take full control and act like a single, unified government. This helps in managing crises more effectively. Introduction The Emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution are mentioned in Part XVIII, from Articles 352 to 360. These rules were inspired by the Weimar Constitution of Germany and the Government of India Act of 1935. Later, major changes were made to these provisions through two important amendments — the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and the 44th Amendment in 1978. Types of Emergency In India, all emergencies are officially declared by the President , and actions are taken in the President's name. However, the real decisions ...
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